Writing Kannada words using Baraha transliteration scheme is as easy as writing our names in English. For example, ZɮĪÀ PÀ£ÀßqÀ £ÁqÀÄ can be written as cheluva kannaDa nADu. The transliteration rules are shown below with examples.
Vowel:
C=a, D=A,aa, E=i, F=I,ee, G=u, H=U,oo, IÄ=Ru, IÆ=RU, J=e, K=E, L=ai, M=o, N=O, O=au,ou
A = M
B = H
Consonant:
Pï=k, Sï=K,kh, Uï=g, Wï=G,gh, Yõï=~g
Zï=c,ch, bï=C,Ch, eï=j, gÀhiï=J,jh, kõï=~j
mï=T, oï=Th, qï=D, qsï=Dh, uï=N
vï=t, xï=th, zï=d, zsï=dh, £ï=n
¥ï=p, ¥sï=P,ph, ¨ï=b, ¨sï=B,bh, ªÀiï=m
AiÀiï=y,Y, gï=r,R, ¾õï=rx, ¯ï=l, ªï=v,w, ±ï=S,sh, µï=Sh, ¸ï=s, ºï=h,~h, ¼ï=L, ¿õï=Lx
Others:
Då = ~A
¥sóï = f,Px
eóï = z,jx
„ (avagraha) = &
û (nukta) = x
Zero Width Joiner = ^
Zero Width Non Joiner = ^^
Punctuation Marks:
The English symbols [ ] { } ( ) - + * / = | ; : . , " ? ! % \ ~ _ translate into the same symbols in Kannada also.
Quotation Marks:
` ' characters are converted to single smart quotes (` ') characters. We can get double smart quotes (`` '') by using them twice.
~ Usage:
'~' character when used with other characters form a different character as shown below.
|
Example: ~~ = ~ ~A = Då ~@ = @ ~# = # ~$ = $ ~& = & ~^ = ^ ~g = Yõï ~j = kõï ~h = ºï |
When a consonant character is used alone, it results in a dead consonant (mula vyanjana).
|
Example k, c, T, t, p - Pï, Zï, mï, vï, ¥ï |
When a consonant character is followed by a vowel character, it results in a live consonant (gunitakshara).
|
Example ka kA ki kI ku kU kRu kRU ke kE kai ko kO kau kaM kaH PÀ PÁ Q Qà PÀÄ PÀÆ PÀÈ PÀñ PÉ PÉà PÉÊ PÉÆ PÉÆà PË PÀA PÀB kUDi bALONa. sEri duDiyONa. PÀÆr ¨Á¼ÉÆÃt. ¸ÉÃj zÀÄrAiÉÆÃt. |
When two or more consecutive consonants appear in the input, they make a consonant conjunct. The first consonant takes the full form and the following consonants become half consonants.
|
Example: rAjkumAr - gÁdÄ̪ÀiÁgï sAfTwEr - ¸Á¥sóÉÖ÷éÃgï |
`ºÀ' consonant can be written in two ways; 'h' and '~h'. If you want to apply a `ºÀ' half consonant to consonants such as 'k', 'g', 't', 'd', etc, you have to use '~h' instead of of 'h'.
|
Example: bakkiMghAm = §QÌAWÁªÀiï bakkiMg~hAm = §QÌAUÁíªÀiï |
`gÀ' consonant can be written in two ways; 'r' and 'R'. If 'r' comes in the beginning of a consonant conjunct, it forms the Arkavottu(ð). If 'R' used instead, it forms a `gÀ' consonant.
|
Example: karma = PÀªÀÄð kaRma = PÀgÀä ryAMk = AiÀiÁðAPï RyAMk = gÁåAPï |
But, if 'r' is followed by another 'r', then `gÀ' half consonant is used instead of the Arkavottu
|
Example: karrage = PÀgÀæUÉ karRage = PÀgÀðUÉ |
ZWJ, ZWNJ characters:
^ = ZWJ (zero width joiner)
^^ = ZWNJ (zero width non joiner)
In Baraha Kannada transliteration, ZWJ is used only in one case. Normally, if 'r' comes in the beginning of a consonant conjunct, it forms the Arkavottu(ð). But, if ZWJ character immediately follows 'r' then it forms a `gÀ' consonant. (Note that 'R' is equivalent to 'r^'.)
|
Example: sUrya - ¸ÀÆAiÀÄð sUr^ya (sURya) - ¸ÀÆgÀå |
If a dead consonant is required in the middle of a word, the ZWJ or ZWNJ character should be used after the consonant.
|
Example: rAjkumAr - gÁdÄ̪ÀiÁgï rAj^kumAr - gÁeïPÀĪÀiÁgï rAj^^kumAr - gÁeïPÀĪÀiÁgï
sAPTwEr - ¸Á¥sÉÖ÷éÃgï sAPT^wEr - ¸Á¥sïÖªÉÃgï sAPT^^wEr - ¸Á¥sïÖªÉÃgï |
If two English characters are making one Kannada vowel (ex: ai, ou), then, ZWJ or ZWNJ character can be used to separate them into different vowels.
|
Example: iMDiyainfo = EArAiÉÄÊ£ÉÆá iMDiya^info = EArAiÀÄE£ÉÆá |
Vedic Symbols:
@, #, and $ symbols are transliterated into anudatta, udatta and swarita respectively. Vedic symbols are available in "BRH Kannada Extra" font.
@ = … (anudatta)
# = † (udatta)
$ = ‡ (swarita)
#83; = ƒ (caMdrabiMdu)
|
Example: <lang=kan|font="BRH Kannada Extra"> sa@hasra# SIrShA@ puru#ShaH | sa@ha@srA@kShaH sahasra#pAt | sa bhUmi#M vi@SvatO# vRu@tvA | atya@tiShThaddaSAMgu@lam | puru#Sha E@vEdagM sarvam$ |
…¸ÀºÀ†¸Àæ ²Ã…µÁð ¥ÀņgÀĵÀB | …¸À…ºÀ…¸ÁæPÀëB ¸ÀºÀ†¸Àæ¥Ávï | ¸À ¨sÀƆ«ÄA …«±Àé†vÉÆà …ªÀÈvÁé | C…vÀåwµÀ×zÀݱÁA…UÀÄ®ªÀiï | ¥ÀņgÀĵÀ …KªÉÃzÀUïA ¸ÀªÀð‡ªÀiï | |
Laghu, Guru symbols:
'q' and 'Q' characters represent the laghu, guru symbols respectively, used in Kannada prosody. These symbols are available in "BRH Kannada Extra" font.
q = ‰ (laghu)
Q = Š (guru)
|
Example: yaq mAQ tAQ rAQ jaq bhAQ naq saq laq gaQM
‰AiÀÄ ŠªÀiÁ ŠvÁ ŠgÁ ‰d Š¨sÁ ‰£À ‰¸À ‰® ŠUÀA |
Music Symbols:
'V' and 'W' characters can be used to get the dots below & above the characters which is required for writing music notes in Kannada. These symbols are available in "BRH Kannada Extra" font.
V = Π(dot below)
W = ‹ (dot above)
|
Example: saV riW gaV maW paV daW niV saW Œ¸À ‹j ŒUÀ ‹ªÀÄ Œ¥À ‹zÀ Œ¤ ‹¸À |
Note:
["BRH Kannada Extra" font consists of the same characters that are in the "BRH Kannada" font. The "BRH Devanagari Extra" font has more vertical space between the characters in order to accommodate the vedic, laghu, guru and music symbols.]
Independent Glyphs:
In some special cases, it may be required to show specific glyphs in the fonts. They can be obtained by specifying the hex value of the glyph code. This value should be in the range 0x0000 - 0xFFFF (0 - 65536). If the value is between 0x00 - 0xFF (0 - 255), then it represents the glyph code of a font. If the value is 0x100 - 0xFFFF (256 - 65536), then it represents a unicode character. In Baraha editor, the UNICODE characters are not supported and hence shown as '?' symbol. But, when the document is exported to UNICODE format, these UNICODE characters will be retained.
|
Example: #46; = F #5a; = Z #c85; = ? #0905; = ? |
Roman Numerals:
All Baraha fonts have Indian language numerals in the place of roman numerals. For example, the "BRH Kannada" font has Kannada numerals. If roman numerals are required, you have to use either "BRH Kannada RN" font or <lang=eng> switch as shown below.
|
Example: <font="BRH Kannada RN">12345678901234567890 <lang=eng>1234567890 1234567890 |