Writing Gurumukhi words using Baraha transliteration scheme is as easy as writing our names in English. g¢kX h¢T¢ Z©p qª can be written as bhArat mADA desh hai. The transliteration rules are shown below with examples.
Vowel:
A = a, A¢ = A,aa, £B = i, B¤ = I,ee, C¥ = u, C§ = U,oo, B© = e,E, Aª = ai, D = o,O, A¬ = au,ou
² = M
µ = H
® = ~n (tippi)
° = ~m (addak)
Consonant:
o = s, p = S,sx,sh q = h,~h
E = k, F = K,kh, H = g, J = G,gh, K = ~g
L = c,ch, M = C,Ch, N = j, P = J,jh, Q = ~j
R = T, SÅ = Th, T = D, V = Dh, W = N
X = t, Y = th, Z = d, a = dh, bÅ = n
c = p, d = P,ph, f = b, g = B,bh, h = m
j = y,Y, k = r, l = l, m = L,lx n = v,w
G = Kx
I = gx
O = z,jx
U = R,rx
e = f,Px
Others:
x = & (avagraha)
y = oum
Ä(nukta) = x
Zero Width Joiner = ^
Zero Width Non Joiner = ^^
Punctuation Marks:
The English symbols [ ] { } ( ) - + * / = | ; : . , " ? ! % \ ~ _ @ # $ translate into the same symbols in Gurumukhi also.
Quotation Marks:
` ' characters are converted to single smart quotes(` ') characters. We can get double smart quotes(`` '') by using them twice.
~ Usage:
'~' character when used with other characters form a different character as shown below.
|
Example: ~~ = ~ ~& = & ~^ = ^ ~g = K ~j = Q ~h = q ~n = ® ~m = ° |
When a consonant character is followed by a vowel character, it results in a live consonant.
|
Example ka kA ki kI ku kU ke kai ko kau kaM kaH E E¢ £E E¤ E¥ E§ E© Eª E« E¬ E³ Eµ maiM ikk bhAratIy hAM hª² £B±E g¢kX¤j q¢³ |
Note:
In the Gurumukhi transliteration, an implicit 'a' matra is assumed for the last consonant of the word.
|
Example: k,c,T,t,p --> ka,ca,Ta,ta,pa --> E,L,R,X,c |
When a nasal consonant such as K, Q, W, bÅ, or h occurs consecutively, a tippi ( ® ) symbol is placed on the previous character. tippi can also be explicitely specified using '~n'.
|
Example: ammA - A¯h¢ mu~nDA - h¯¥T¢ |
When any other consonant occurs consecutively, a addak ( ° ) symbol is placed on the previous character. addak can also be explicitely specified using '~m'.
|
Example: dillee - £Z±l¤ ba~mchA- f±L¢ |
`q' consonant can be written in two ways; 'h', '~h'. If you want to apply a `q' half consonant to consonants such as 'k', 'g', 't', 'd', etc, you have to use '~h' instead of of 'h'.
|
Example: bakkiMghAm = f±£E²J¢h bakkiMg~hAm = f±£E²H½¢h |
ZWJ, ZWNJ characters:
^ = ZWJ (zero width joiner)
^^ = ZWNJ (zero width non joiner)
If two English characters are making one Gurumukhi vowel (ex: ai, ou), then, ZWJ or ZWNJ character can be used to separate them into different vowels.
|
Example: iMDiyainfo = £B³£TjªbÇÅe« iMDiya^info = £B³£Tj£BbÇÅe« |
Except for the above case, ZWJ and ZWNJ have no use in Baraha Gurumukhi transliteration.
Independent Glyphs:
In some special cases, it may be required to show specific glyphs in the fonts. They can be obtained by specifying the hex value of the glyph code. This value should be in the range 0x0000 - 0xFFFF (0 - 65536). If the value is between 0x00 - 0xFF (0 - 255), then it represents the glyph code of a font. If the value is 0x100 - 0xFFFF (256 - 65536), then it represents a unicode character. In Baraha editor, the UNICODE characters are not supported and hence shown as '?' symbol. But, when the document is exported to UNICODE format, these UNICODE characters will be retained.
|
Example: #42; = B #43; = C #7a; = z #c85; = ? #0905; = ? |
Roman Numerals:
All Baraha fonts have Indian language numerals in the place of roman numerals. For example, the "BRH Gurumukhi" font has Gurumukhi numerals. If roman numerals are required, you have to use either "BRH Gurumukhi RN" font or <lang=eng> switch as shown below.
|
Example: <font="BRH Gurumukhi RN">12345678901234567890 <lang=eng>1234567890 1234567890 |