Writing Gujarati words using Baraha transliteration scheme is as easy as writing our names in English. A®ÐгúÐê sêú»Ð ¬ÐгúoÐ Têú can be written as amAro desh bhArat Che. The transliteration rules are shown below with examples.
Vowel:
A = a, AÐ = A,aa, B = i, C = I,ee, D = u, E = U,oo, F = Ru, G = RU, H = ~Lu, I = ~LU, Aé = ~e, Aê = e,E, Aë = ai, AÐé = ~o, AÐê = o,O, AÐë = au,ou
í = ~M
ï = M
ì = H
Consonant:
Kú = k, OÐ = K,kh, PÐ = g, QÐ = G,gh, Rú = ~g
SÐ = c,ch, Tú = C,Ch, Vú = j, aú = J,jh, bÐ = ~j
cú = T, fú = Th, hú = D, kú = Dh, nÐ = N
oÐ = t, rÐ = th, sú = d, ¤Ð = dh, ¥Ð = n
§Ð = p, ©ú = P,ph, «Ð = b, ¬Ð = B,bh, ®Ð = m
¯Ð = y, ³ú = r, ¶Ð = l, ¹ = L, ºÐ = v,w, »Ð = S,sh, ÀÐ = Sh, ÁÐ = s, Åú = h,~h
Others:
„ = & (avagraha)
Ÿ = oum
ø (nukta) = x
Zero Width Joiner = ^
Zero Width Non Joiner = ^^
Extended Characters:
The consonants with a nukta (dot) under them can be obtained by using the 'x' character following the respective consonants as shown below. These characters are mainly used for words borrowed from other languages.
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Example: øKú = kx, ùOÐ = Kx, ùPÐ = gx, ùVú = z,jx, øhú = Dx, økú = Dhx, ø©ú = f,Px, ù¯Ð = Y,yx |
Punctuation Marks:
The English symbols [ ] { } ( ) - + * / = | ; : . , " ? ! % \ ~ _ @ # $ translate into the same symbols in Gujarati also.
Quotation Marks:
` ' characters are converted to single smart quotes(` ') characters. We can get double smart quotes(`` '') by using them twice.
~ Usage:
'~' character when used with other characters form a different character as shown below.
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Example: ~~ = ~ ~& = & ~^ = ^ ~g = Rú ~j = bÐ ~h = Åú ~e = Aé ~o = AÐé ~M = í |
When a consonant character is followed by a vowel character, it results in a live consonant.
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Example ka kA ki kI ku kU kRu kRU klRu klRU k~e ke kai k~o ko kau kaM kaH Kú KúÐ ÑKú KúÕ K×ú KÚú KÝú Kàú J¶ÐÝ J¶Ðà Kéú Kêú Këú KúÐé KúÐê KúÐë Kïú Kúì ame bhAratIya ChIe A®Ðê ¬ÐгúoÐկРTúÕAê |
Note:
In the Gujarati transliteration, an implicit 'a' matra is assumed for the last consonant of the word.
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Example: k,c,T,t,p --> ka,ca,Ta,ta,pa --> Kú,SÐ,cú,oÐ,§Ð |
When two or more consecutive consonants appear in the input, they make a consonant conjunct. The last consonant takes the full form and the preceding consonants become half consonants.
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Example: nyAy - ¥¯ÐЯР|
`Åú' consonant can be written in two ways; 'h', '~h'. If you want to apply a `Åú' half consonant to consonants such as 'k', 'g', 't', 'd', etc, you have to use '~h' instead of of 'h'.
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Example: bakkiMghAm = «ÐÓLñúQÐЮРbakkiMg~hAm = «ÐÓLñúPÅúЮР|
ZWJ, ZWNJ characters:
^ = ZWJ (zero width joiner)
^^ = ZWNJ (zero width non joiner)
Usually when a consonant cluster (two or more consecutive consonants) occurs, it will be rendered as a ligature if that is available in the font. The ZWJ and ZWNJ can be used to produce an alternate rendering of the ligatures.
If a consonant is followed by the ZWJ, half-form of the consonant is formed.
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Example: rakShaNa - ³úNÐnÐ rak^ShaNa - ³úJÀÐnÐ |
If a dead consonant (consonant with halant symbol) is required, the ZWNJ character should be used after the consonant.
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Example: rAj^^kumAr - ³úÐVÍúK×ú®Ðгú rAjkumAr^^ - ³úÐUK×ú®ÐгÍú |
If two English characters are making one Gujarati vowel (ex: ai, ou), then, ZWJ or ZWNJ character can be used to separate them into different vowels.
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Example: iMDiyainPo = BðÑhú¯Ð륩úÐê iMDiya^inPo = BðÑhú¯ÐB¥©úÐê iMDiya^^inPo = BðÑhú¯ÐB¥©úÐê |
Independent Glyphs:
In some special cases, it may be required to show specific glyphs in the fonts. They can be obtained by specifying the hex value of the glyph code. This value should be in the range 0x0000 - 0xFFFF (0 - 65536). If the value is between 0x00 - 0xFF (0 - 255), then it represents the glyph code of a font. If the value is 0x100 - 0xFFFF (256 - 65536), then it represents a unicode character. In Baraha editor, the UNICODE characters are not supported and hence shown as '?' symbol. But, when the document is exported to UNICODE format, these UNICODE characters will be retained.
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Example: #9f; = Ÿ #eb; = ë #c85; = ? #0905; = ? |
Roman Numerals:
All Baraha fonts have Indian language numerals in the place of roman numerals. For example, the "BRH Gujarati" font has Gujarati numerals. If roman numerals are required, you have to use either "BRH Gujarati RN" font or <lang=eng> switch as shown below.
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Example: <font="BRH Gujarati RN">12345678901234567890 <lang=eng>1234567890 1234567890 |